Nomidic Arab tribes called the Janjaweed (in Sudanese province of Darfur since 12th century from Arabian Peninsula) form an alliance with a group of powerful Arab North Sudanese merchants called the Jellaba. The Jellaba runs an extensive slavery ring of non-Arab Africans and exploits the Sudanese soil for its raw materials.
The Arab Janjaweed and Jellaba consider themselves racially and ethnically superior to the Africans of Sudan, justifying their involvement in the slave-trade of black Africans.
Sudan Famine 1985-2003
Terrible drought hits Sudan resulting in severe famine. Janjaweed Arab militias (15% of Darfur population) relentlessly attack farms and villages of Sudanese Africans, depriving them of water and provisions. Pillaging, raping and killing are common. Africans are treated as second-class citizens.
Sudan 1989-2003: Muslim Brotherhood In Power
Muslim Brotherhood led by Al Bashir take over government by force. He works closely with Osama Bin Laden. Persecution of non-Arab Sudanese by Janjaweed militia worsens under Al Bashir, and increasingly takes on the tone of racially motivated ethnic cleansing.
1989 Osama in Sudan
Osama Bin Laden, founder of Al Qaeda, leaves Afghanistan for Saudi Arabia. Then continues on to Khartoum, Sudan. He works with Al Zahawiri and Al-Bashir of Muslim Brotherhood.
1989 Two Million Christians murdered (Muslim Brotherhood) Millions More Are Starved by Jihad Forces
Muslim Brotherhood stages pro-Islamic coup in Sudan under ideological leadership of Hassan al-Turabi. Democracy ended. Thirteen devastating years of famine and civil war follow. Sudanese Jihad militia (the Janjaweed) prevents abundant food supplies from reaching starving Sudanese population. Millions of Sudanese die from disease and malnutrition.
Hassan al-Bashir of Muslim Brotherhood leads the devastation.
Two million (2,000,000) Christian Sudanese murdered by Hassan al-Bashir’s Wahhabi Jihad (Holy War) since 1989.
Jihad is heavily sponsored by Saudi Oil.
1996 Al Qaeda From Sudan to Afghanistan to the World
Bin Laden leaves Sudan under US pressure on Sudanese government. He returns to Pakistan and is transferred back to Afghanistan under the direct supervision of General Pervez Musharraf, then high ranking military figure. Osama Bin Laden gathers all the remaining Mujahedeen (‘Holy Islamic Warriors’) from the Afghan War. He finds refuge with the oppressive Taliban regime and rekindles connections with jihad mercenaries from Chechnya, Dagestan, Xinjiang of China, the Southern Philipines, North Africa and the Middle East. International Jihad takes shape.
1996 Al Qaeda From Sudan to Afghanistan to the World
Bin Laden leaves Sudan under US pressure on Sudanese government. He returns to Pakistan and is transferred back to Afghanistan under the direct supervision of General Pervez Musharraf, then high ranking military figure. Osama Bin Laden gathers all the remaining Mujahedeen (‘Holy Islamic Warriors’) from the Afghan War. He finds refuge with the oppressive Taliban regime and rekindles connections with jihad mercenaries from Chechnya, Dagestan, Xinjiang of China, the Southern Philipines, North Africa and the Middle East. International Jihad takes shape.
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Lieutenant General Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir is the President of Sudan and the head of the National Congress Party. He came to power in 1989 when he, as a brigadier in the Sudanese army, led a group of officers in a bloodless military coup that ousted the government of Prime Minister Sadiq al-Mahdi.
In October 2005, al-Bashir's government negotiated an end to the Second Sudanese Civil War, one of the longest-running and deadliest wars of the 20th century, by granting limited autonomy to Southern Sudan dominated by the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA). Since then, however, there has been a violent conflict in Darfur that has resulted in death tolls between 200,000 and 400,000 [More like 2 million and still counting! (emphasis mine)]. During his presidency, there have been several violent struggles between the Janjaweed militia and rebel groups such as the Sudanese Liberation Army (SLA) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) in the form of guerrilla warfare in the Darfur region. The civil war has displaced over 2.5 million people out of a total population of 6.2 million in Darfur and has created a crisis in the diplomatic relations between Sudan and Chad.
Al-Bashir is a controversial figure both in Sudan and worldwide. In July 2008, the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC), Luis Moreno Ocampo, accused al-Bashir of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes in Darfur. The court issued an arrest warrant for al-Bashir on 4 March 2009 on counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity, but ruled that there was insufficient evidence to prosecute him for genocide. However, on 12 July 2010, after a lengthy appeal by the prosecution, the Court held that there was indeed sufficient evidence for charges of genocide to be brought and issued a second warrant containing three separate counts. The new warrant, as with the first, will be delivered to the Sudanese government, which is unlikely to execute it.Al-Bashir was the first sitting head of state indicted by the ICC. The court's decision is opposed by the African Union, League of Arab States, Non-Aligned Movement, and the governments of Russia and China. A leak from WikiLeaks allegedly reveals that the Sudanese president had embezzled state funds amounting to US$ 9 billion, to which the Lloyd's Bank of England later rejected as "Lloyds insisted it was not aware of any link with Bashir."
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The Sudan Tribune
written by Staff
Saturday July 20, 2013
JUBA – Juba government has expressed its anger after Khartoum’s letter of 7 July announcing it will stop the flow of South Sudanese crude oil to international markets via the Sudanese territory, accusing the latter of deliberately breaking a cooperation agreement signed last September.
"We are not surprised but we believe the decision by the government of Sudan to stop using its territory to export the oil to the international market is unjustifiable. It is just a clear manifestation of the deliberate plan and intention of the government of Sudan to dishonour the cooperation agreement", said information minister Barnaba Marial Benjamin.
"The government had repeatedly said and testified in various forums that it does not provide any support to any armed groups fighting Sudan. President Salva Kiir Mayardit himself had repeatedly testified", he added.
Since the independence of the South Sudan in July 2011, the two countries used to trade accusations of over a number of outstanding issues.
In September 2012 they however signed nine cooperation agreements brokered by an African mediation team headed by the former South African president Thabo Mbeki. The oil exportation, and support to rebel groups toped the signed deals.
The mediation hoped this Cooperation Agreement would respond to the two major concerns for the two governments oil for South Sudan and rebels for Sudan and create conducive environment to handle two remaining disputes : Abyei and border demarcation.
However, Khartoum continued to accuse Juba of supporting its former allies in the rebel South Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N), and announced on 7 June that the exportation of the South Sudanese oil will be stopped within 60 days unless Juba implements its part of the deal.
In an exclusive interview with Sudan Tribune, Marial expressed fear that the decision may irrevocably destroy the dream of two viable states co-existing peacefully.
The official spokesperson for South Sudan further said Khartoum "had intention to break the agreement" because it does not want to use the procedures and mechanisms provided for in the deal to address parties’ grievances about the implementation processes.
"We feel the government of Sudan had [an] intention to violate the agreement because it has failed to use the procedures and the mechanisms which could be used to address any reservation about how the implementation processes [are carried out]", he said.
"There is a Joint Border Verification Monitoring Mechanism. There is also [the] Joint Political Security Mechanism and there is a joint border coordinating task at the level the two defence ministers with the membership from the general chief-of-staff from the two armed forces. These are bodies which can be used whenever there is an issue", he added.
Meanwhile, the spokesperson for the ministry of foreign affairs and international cooperation, ambassador Mawien Makol, said his government is seeking the intervention of powerful foreign nations to exert pressure on Sudan to respect the agreement signed with Juba.
Makol said the ministry had received the letter of notification from the Sudanese government through its embassy in Khartoum, adding that the letter has been extended to the ministry of petroleum and mining which later briefed the president and the cabinet on its ramifications.
"The cabinet listened to the briefing of the minister and agreed with the measures he had taken to reduce the production so as to avoid damage to the environment and to the infrastructure", Makol told reporters on Saturday.
China, the first investor and buyer of the South Sudanese oil, pledged to use its good relations with the two countries to reduce tensions between them and to ensure the implementation of the 27 September agreement and its implementation mechanism.
Khartoum, also, expressed hopes that China can convince South Sudanese to stop its support to the rebel groups but warned that it would not reverse its decision.
The African Union panel recently made a series of proposals aiming to ensure the effective implementation of the security arrangements and dispatched a team of experts to determine the centreline of the demilitarized border zone between the two countries.
on the other hand, Security delegations are expected to meet on Monday 22 July in Addis Ababa to discuss complaints of support to rebel groups from both sides.
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