FYI: Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a constitutional monarchy, with a hereditary monarch and a bicameral parliament, the Cortes Generales. The executive branch consists of a Council of Ministers of Spain presided over by the Prime Minister, nominated and appointed by the monarch and confirmed by the Congress of Deputies following legislative elections. By political custom established by King Juan Carlos since the ratification of the 1978 Constitution, the king's nominees have all been from parties who maintain a plurality of seats in the Congress.
The legislative branch is made up of the Congress of Deputies (Congreso de los Diputados) with 350 members, elected by popular vote on block lists by proportional representation to serve four-year terms, and a Senate (Senado) with 259 seats of which 208 are directly elected by popular vote and the other 51 appointed by the regional legislatures to also serve four-year terms.
Head of State King Juan Carlos I, since 22 November 1975
Head of Government Prime Minister of Spain (Spanish Presidente del Gobierno literally President of the Government): Mariano Rajoy Brey, elected 20 November 2011. Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for the Presidency: Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría.
Cabinet Council of Ministers (Spanish Consejo de Ministros) designated by the Prime Minister. [source: Wikipedia]
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The Associated Press
written by Jorge Sainz
Saturday November 17, 2012
CADIZ, Spain (AP) — Spain's prime minister on Saturday joined its king in asking former Latin American colonies to help the EU nation overcome a deep financial crisis by channeling investments its way.
Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy said Spain had invested heavily in Latin America when it suffered a crisis 10 years ago, and now that the roles were reversed, he called upon those nations to increase their participation in his country's economy.
"Spain receives Latin American investment with open arms," he said.
Rajoy was speaking at the Iberoamerican summit being held in Spain's southwestern port of Cadiz, once the country's gateway for importing Aztec and Inca treasure.
King Juan Carlos made the same plea Friday, saying "our eyes turn to you, we need more Latin America."
He added that Spain had "seen difficult situations emerge caused by the financial and economic crisis."
One such difficulty could be seen almost simultaneously on the streets of Madrid, where more than 5,000 police officers rallied to protest government austerity measures, including frozen pensions and the elimination of their Christmas bonus.
Jose Maria Benito, a spokesman for Spain's Unified Police Union, said police were worried that budget cuts meant that working conditions were more precarious, that law enforcement equipment was not adequate and that the 15,000 officers who had left the force were not being replaced.
Meanwhile, some 3,500 police guarded the leaders gathered in the former imperial port of Cadiz at the annual summit, which brings together Latin America leaders with the heads of former colonial powers Spain and Portugal to discuss political issues and arrange business deals.
Ecuadorian President Rafael Correa criticized the austerity measures implemented by the European Union, saying they were repeating mistakes Latin America made a decade ago.
Bolivia also took on Chile at the gathering, demanding that it restore the landlocked nation's access to the Pacific Ocean, which it lost following a 1879-1883 war between Bolivia, Chile and Peru.
Bolivian President Evo Morales called for his Chilean counterpart, Sebastian Pinera, to abandon "conservative positions" and agree to negotiate.
"Chilean diplomacy closes ranks when it comes to addressing Bolivia's claim," he said.
Pinera responded that a treaty was signed when Bolivia lost the war.
"Chile has met, meets and will continue to meet what is set out in that treaty," Pinera said, adding that Bolivia had free access to Chile's ports.
Morales also asked for support for his country's proposals to end a U.N. treaty banning the chewing of coca leaves, a custom practiced by the indigenous peoples of the Andes since before Columbus' arrival.
A mild stimulant, the leaves have deep cultural and religious value in the region. Chewed or consumed as tea, coca counters altitude sickness, aids digestion and suppresses hunger and fatigue.
The leaves have however been stigmatized as the raw material of cocaine, and the United States opposes ending the ban.
On a related topic, Mexican President Felipe Calderon was critical of votes in the U.S. states of Washington and Colorado to legalize marijuana for recreational use, saying that his country could not afford to take even "one step back" from fighting drug trafficking.
"We are particularly concerned about the violence associated with these drugs," said Calderon, who made combatting drugs one of the cornerstones of his mandate.
King Juan Carlos of Spain declared the summit closed following its afternoon session.
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